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C1 Level C1 · TCF Canada Reading: A1 to C2

C1 · Essays: implicit meaning and intention

Read demanding argumentative texts and infer what the author implies, criticises or suggests.

14 min · 10 activities

In this lesson you will

  • Infer what is implied
  • Recognise irony and criticism in formal writing
  • Understand complex logical relations
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Lesson summary

The key points to remember, for revision.

  • 1Implicit criticism: quotation marks, rhetorical questions, litotes, “sous prétexte que”.
  • 2Irony: praise that the facts contradict (“apprécieront sans doute…”).
  • 3C1 connectors: quand bien même, pour autant, dès lors, à défaut de, il n’en demeure pas moins que.
  • 4“Il ne s’agit pas de nier… / Il n’en demeure pas moins…” → the second part is the thesis.

Key vocabulary

la litoteunderstatement
se féliciter deto be pleased with oneself about
la paritéequality (gender)
la corrélationcorrelation
dès lorsconsequently